[Back to overview]
Brass and Glass: Optical Instruments and their Makers
By Tony Benson
Second Edition
Table of Contents
About the Author
Also By Tony Benson
Brass and Glass
Acknowledgements
Forward
What this book is
What this book is not
Sources
Disclaimer
Viewing the sun - WARNING
Differentiating names
A Note on I and J
A Note on Addresses
Omissions and Inaccuracies
Reviews
Contents
[Jump to list of appendices]
A
Abbe Apertometer
Abbe, Ernst
Abbe-König Prism
Abbe Refractometer
Abbe Spherometer
Aberrations, Optical
Abney Clinometer (Abney Level)
Abraham, Abraham
Abraham & Dancer
Abraham, Jacob
Abraham, Robert
Achromat, Achromatic
Acme Optical Works
Acuter
Adams & Co., A.
Adams, George (I)
Adams, George (II)
Adams, Dudley
Adams, Hannah
Adams, Michael
Adams, Nathaniel
Adams & Co., R.T.
Addison & Co., John
Adie and Son
Adie and Wedderburn
Adie, Alexander James
Adie, John
Adie, Patrick
Adie, Richard
ADOX Kamerawerk GmbH
AE Optics
Aerial Telescope
Aeronautical & General Instruments Ltd., (AGI)
Aeroscope
AGC
AGFA
Agilux Ltd., AGI
Ahrens, Carston Diederich
A.I.C. Phototechnik GmbH
Ainsley, T.L.
Ainsworth & Son, William
Aitchison and Co.
Aitchison, James
AJACK
Akron
Aktien-Gesellschaft für Anilin-Fabrikation
Alderblick
Aldis Bros.
Aldis Optical Level
Aldis Spherometer
Alexander
Alhazen
Alidade
Alinari
Allan, James (I)
Allan, James (II)
Allan, John
Alldridge Ltd., R.S.
Allied Impex Corporation
Alment, John
Almucantar, Almacantar
Alpa
Alpen Optics
Altiscope
Altitude-Azimuth (Alt-Az) Mount
Alt, Robert
Amadio, Joseph Philip
Amalgamated Photographic Equipment Manufacturers Ltd. (APEM)
Amalgamated Photographic Manufacturers Ltd. (APM)
Ambrotype
American Camera Co., The
American Optical Company
Amici, Giovani Battista
Amici Roof Prism
Anallatic Lens
Anallatic Telescope
Anamorphic Lens
Anastigmat, Anastigmatic
Anderson, Henry
Anderson and Sons, H.
Angioli, Flaminio de
Angle Mirror
Angular Aperture
Angular Resolution
Angus, Herbert Francis
Anone, Frans
Anra Manufacturing Engineers
Ansco
Apertometer
Aperture Stop
Aplanat, Aplanatic
APEM
APL
APM
Apochromat, Apochromatic
Apollo Labs; Apollo Business and Industry (APL)
Apomecometer
Apps, Alfred
Aquatic Microscope
Arax
Archbutt, J.&W.E.
Archer, Frederick Scott
Archer, William
Argus
Armourers and Braziers’ Company
Armstrong, Thomas & Brother Ltd.
Arnold & Richter Cine Technik
Aronsberg
ARRI
Arsat
Arsenal Factory
Asahi Optical Company
Ashmore, William
Ashmore & Osborne
ASKANIA Mikroskop Technik Rathenow GmbH
Askania Werke AG
Astigmatism
Astrograph
Astrola
Astrolabe
Astro-Mechanik
Astronomical Equipment
Astronomical Interferometer
Astronomik
Astro Optical Industries Co. Ltd.
Astro-Optische Werkstaetten Georg Tremel
Astroscope
Astroscopics
AstroSystems Ltd.
ATIK Cameras
Atkey & Sons, Pascall
Atkinson, John J.
Auriscope
Autochrome
Automatic Level; Auto Level
Avimo
Avizard, René and Charles
Aylward, H.P.
Ayscough, James
Ayscough, Martha
B
Baader, Michael
Baader Planetarium
Backstaff
Baigish
Bailey, Henry Page
Bailey, John William
Bailey, Robert
Baillou, Francois de
Baird, Alfred W.
Baird, Andrew H.
Baird & Sons, T.
Baird, Thomas
Baird & Tatlock
Baker, Charles
Balbreck, Maximilien
Balda
Bamberg, Karl
Bancks, Robert
Bancks & Son
Banks, William
Barbier, Bénard, et Turenne (BBT)
Barbon, Peter
Barclay, Adam
Barclay, Andrew
Barclay, Hugh
Barclay, William
Bardou
Barker and Co., John
Barlow Lens
Barlow, Peter
Barnet Ensign
Barnet Ensign Ross
Barnett, Thomas
Barr, Archibald
Barr and Stroud
Barrett, Robert Montague
Barrow, Henry
Barrow & Co., Henry
Barry, Richard
Berthélemy, A.
Barton, John Henry
Barton Linnard Ltd.
Baserga, Alfred Jean François
Bass, George
Basset & Gowin
Bassnett & Co., Thomas
Bassnett & Son, James
Bassnett, James
Bassnett, P.
Bassnett, Thomas
Bate, John
Bate, Robert Brettell
Baudry et Lorieux
Baumann & Co., Alfred
Bausch & Lomb
BBT Krauss
B.C. & Co.
Beale, John
Beard, R.R.
Beavess, Edward
Beck & Söhne, Christoph (CBS)
Beck Apertometer
Beck, Conrad
Beck, Joseph
Beck, R.&J.
Beck, Richard
Becker & Co., F.E.
Becker, August
Beier; Beirette
Beilby, Richard and Charles
Beilby, Thomas
Belca
Bell and Howell
Bell and Howell Gaumont
Bellingham and Stanley
Beltex Optics
Belthle, Christian Friedrich
Bencini, Antonio
Bénèche, Charles Louis
Bénèche & Wasserlein
Bennett, John (I)
Bennett, John (II)
Bennett, Leonard
Bennett, Thomas
Benoist Berthiot
Berge, John
Berge, Matthew
Berger, C.L.
Berry & Mackay
Berry, James
Berry, James & Son
Bertele, Ludwig Jakob
Berthiot, Claude
Berthiot, Louis
Bertram, Ernst & Wilhelm
Bertrand Lens
Bézu, Hausser, and Company
Bidstrup, Jesper
Bildt Jr., Johannes van der
Bildt, Bauke Eisma van der
Bildt, Jan Pietersz van der
Bildt, Lubbertus van der
Billcliff Camera Works; Billcliff, Joshua
Bilora
Binocular
Binoculars
Binocular Microscope
Binocular Telescope
Biolam
Bio-Pleograph
Bioscop (Bioskop)
Bioscope
Bird, John
Bird-Jones Telescope
Birefringence
Bithray & Steane
Bithray, Stephen
Bithray, William
Blachford & Imray
Blachford, Robert
Blackie, William
Blacksmiths’ Company
Blair & Co., H.G.
Blair, Archibald
Blair Camera Co.
Blair, Robert
Blakeney, John W.
Blazed Grating
Bleuler, John
Blunt, Edward
Blunt, E.&G.W.
Blunt, Thomas
Boddy, Thomas
Boecker, W. Emil
Bogopolsky, Jacques
BOLCo
Bolex
Bollemeijer & Brans
Boller & Chivens
Bolsey
Bonanni, Filippo
Bontemps, Georges
Boots
Borda Repeating Circle
Bostok, Joshua
Boston Camera Co.
Boston Optical Works
Bottomley, James Thomson
Bouguer, Pierre
Bowman, Robert
Box Camera
Boyle, Charles B.
Brachymedial Telescope
Brachyte
Bradford, George
Bradford, Isaac
Braham Brothers (I)
Braham Brothers (II)
Braham, David
Braham, George
Braham, John
Braham, Philip
Brander & Höschel
Brander, Georg Friedrich
Brandreth, Timothy
Brandt Lens Works, R.E.
Brashear Co. Ltd., John A.
Braun AG
Braun Camera-Werk, Carl
Bray, Max
Breithaupt
Bresser
Brewster Angle
Brewster, Sir David
Brightness, Image
Brimfield and Co., J.
Briois, A.
Britannia Works Company
Britannic
Britex
British Acoustic Films
British Crown Glass Co.
British Optical Instrument Manufacturers’ Association (BOIMA)
British Optical Lens Company (BOLCo)
British Optical and Precision Engineers
British Photographic Industries Ltd.
Broadhurst, Clarkson and Co.
Brock, G
Broderers’ Company
Brooks, Alfred
Brown, Benjamin
Brown, James
Brown and Co., Neville
Browne & Son, Henry
Brownell, Frank A.
Brownie Camera
Browning & Co., John
Browning, John (I)
Browning, John (II)
Browning, John (III)
Browning, Richard
Browning, Samuel
Browning, Samuel John
Browning, William
Brownscope
Bruce, William
Bruce & Sons, Wilson & Gillie
Brugger & Breitsamer
Brunner Frères
Brunner, Johann Josef (Jean)
Brunnings
Brunson
Brunton Outdoor
Bryceson, William
Bryson, James Mackay
Btee Fr. & Etr.
Buchner, Nicolaus
Buff and Berger
Buff & Buff
Buff, George Louis
Builder’s Level
Buist & Co., James
Buist & Sons, James
Bulloch, Walter H.
Bunders, Jan
Bunsen’s Photometer
Bunsen’s Mirror Photometer
Bureau, Thomas
Burlini, Biagio
Burnet & Son, W.
Burrow, W.&J.
Burton, Charles Edward
Burton, Edward
Burton, George
Burton, James Haly
Burton, John
Burton, Mark
Busch, Emil
Bush, William
Bushnell
Buss, Thomas O’Dempsey
Butcher & Sons, W.
Butchers’ Company
Butterfield, Michael
Butyro Refractometer
Byers Co.
Byrne, John
Bywater & Co.
Bywater & Co., John
Bywater, Dawson & Co.
Bywater, John
C
Cahill, Patrick
Cail, John
Cail, J.&S.A.
Cail, Septimus Anthony
Cairns, Alexander
Callaghan & Co.
Callaghan, William
Callaghan, William Edmund
Calotype
Calver, George
Cambridge & Paul Instrument Company
Cambridge Instrument Company Ltd.
Cambridge Optronics Ltd.
Cambridge Scientific Instrument Co. Ltd.
Camera
Camera Lucida
Camera Obscura
Camerawerk Sontheim
Cameron & Blakeney
Cameron, Paul
Campana, Guiseppe
Campani, Guiseppe
Campbell, W.
Campbell-Stokes Recorder
Canzius, J.H. Onderdewijngaart
Carena
Carlaw, David
Carlill, John
Carpenter, Philip
Carpenter & Westley
Carpentier, Jules
Carrew, John William
Carroll, George A.
Carte du Ciel
Carton Optical Industries Ltd.
Carton Optical Canada Inc. (Valley Microscope)
Cary, George
Cary, John (I)
Cary, John (II)
Cary, William
Casartelli
Cassegrain Telescope
Casella, Charles Frederic
Casella, Louis Marino
Casella, Louis Pascal
Casson, George
Catadioptric Telescope
Cathetometer
Catoptric
Catoptric Micrometer
Cauchoix, Robert Algaé
Cavalieri, Bonaventura
Cave Optical Co.
Cavers, William
C&D (Scientific Instruments) Ltd.
CDGM
Celestron
Chadburn
Chadburn & Wright
Chadburn, William
Chadwick, William Isaac
Chamberlain, James Bradley
Chamberlain & Son
Champneys, James
Chance Brothers and Co.
Chance-Pilkington Optical Works
Chandler and Dicker
Chandler, Seth Carlo
Chapman & Alldridge
Chapman, J.T.
Chapman, James
Chérubin
Cheshire Apertometer
Cheshire Collimator
Cheshire, Frederic J.
Cheshire Optical Instrument Co.
Chester, Edward
Chevalier, A.
Chevalier, Paris
Chevallier, Jean Gabriel Augustin
Chevallier, Marie Louise Mélanie
Chevallier, Pierre Marcel Augustin
Chinon
Chislett & McAll
Chislett, Alfred
Choisy-le-Roi Glass-Works
Chorez, Daniel
Chrétien, Henri Jacques
Christian, George
Christie & Wilson
Christie, Andrew
Christie, George
Chromatic Aberration
Chronodeik
Chronophotography, Chronophotographic Gun
Ciceri & Co.
Ciceri & Pini
Cine
Cinématograph
Cintel
Circular Micrometer
Clacey, John
Clack, J.
Clark & Sons, Alvan
Clark, John
Clark, Thomas
Clarke & Son
Clarke, Edward
Clarke, Thomas
Clarke, William (I)
Clarke, William (II)
Clarke, William (III)
Clarkson, Alexander T.
Claudet, Antoine François Jean
Claudet and Houghton
Clavé
Cleare, J.
Clement Clarke
Clinometer
Clockmakers’ Company
Clothworkers’ Company
CMF
Coachmakers’ Company
Cock, Christopher
Coddington Lens
Coelostat
Cohen, S.P.
Cole, Benjamin (I)
Cole, Benjamin (II)
Cole, Humfrey
Cole, Thomas
Cole, William
Collimation, Collimate
Collimator; Collimated
Collins, Charles
Collodion Process
Colmont
Colonial Optical Company
Colorimeter; Colorimetry
Colposcope
Coma
Coma Corrector
Combined Optical Industries Ltd. (COIL)
Combs, Oliver
Commodore
Common Main Objective Stereo Microscope
Compass Microscope
Comptoir Général de Photographie
Comyns, Henry
Concave Diffraction Grating
Concave Grating Spectrograph
Condenser Lens
Conrady, Alexander Eugen
Constantine, Pickering & Co.
Contax
Contessa Camera-werke Drexler & Nagel
Contessa-Nettel
Cooberow, Matthew
Cook & Son, William
Cook, George
Cook, William
Cooke, John
Cooke Optics Ltd.
Cooke’s Reversible Level
Cooke, Thomas
Cooke and Sons, Thomas
Cooke Troughton and Simms
Coombes, J.
Cooper, Michael A.
Coopers’ Company
Coppock, Charles
Coppock, James T.
Cordwainers’ Company
Corfield, K.G.
Corner Cube Prism
Corning
Coronet Camera Co.; Coronet Ltd.
Correction Collar (Microscope Objective)
Cosina
Coudé System
Couldrey, Joseph
Coulter Optical Co.
Cousens & Son Ltd., B.C.
Cowley Level
Cox & Coombes
Cox & Son
Cox & Son, J.
Cox, Frederick
Cox, Frederick James
Cox, H.W.
Cox, Hargreaves & Thomson
Cox, James
Cox, John (I)
Cox, John (II)
Cox, Joseph
Cox, Joseph & James
Cox, William (I)
Cox, William (II)
Cox, William Charles
Craig, Henry W.
Craig Microscope
Crawford, Henry
Crichton Brothers
Crichton, John
Crichton, Joseph
Crichton & Son, John
Crickmore, Thomas
Criterion Mfg., Inc.
Critical Angle
Cross-staff
Crouch, (Pearce) Henry
Crouch, H.&W.
Crown Glass
Crown Optical Company
Cubic Precision
Cuff, John
Culpeper, Edmund
Curry & Paxton
Cushing’s Level
Cuthbert, John
Cuthbert, T.
Cuthbertson & Champneys
Cuthbertson, John
Cuthbertson, Jonathan
Cutts, J.P., (Cutts, I.P.)
D
Dach Prism
Dacora
Daguerre, Louis
Daguerreotype
Daiichi Kōgaku
Dainteth, Thomas
Dale, H.&E.J.
Dall, Horace E.S.
Dall-Kirkham Cassegrain Telescope
Dallaway, Joseph James
Dallmeyer, J.H. Ltd.
Dalton, Charles X.
Dancer, John Benjamin
Dancer, Josiah
Dancer, Michael
Danjon Prismatic Astrolabe
Dann, William
Dark Field Microscopy
Darton & Co., F.
Darton, Francis Arthur
Darwin, Sir Horace
David White Company
Davidson & Co., F.
Davidson, James
Davidson, Thomas
Davies, B
Davies, David
Davies, John
Davis & Son, John
Davis Bros.
Davis Instruments
Davis, Bernard
Davis, C.&D.
Davis, Clara
Davis, David
Davis, Edward
Davis, Elizabeth
Davis, Gabriel
Davis, Gabriel & Edward; Davis G.&E.
Davis, Hannah
Davis, Isaac
Davis, John (I)
Davis, John (II)
Davis, John (III)
Davis, Messrs
Davis’s Quadrant
Dawson & Melling
Dawson, Melling & Payne
Day, Francis
Day, John
Daystar Filters
Deane, David
Deijl, Harmanus van
Deijl, Jan van
Deleuil, Louis Joseph
Dell’Acqua, Carlo
Dellebarre, Louis François
Dennert & Pape
Dennis, John Charles
Dent, Edward John
Depression Rangefinder
Derby Crown Glass Company
Deregni (De Regni), Angelo
Derry, Charles
Desiccator Pump
Desilva, William
Deutsche Spiegelglas AG
De Vere (Kensington) Ltd.; De Vere Ltd.
Diagonal
Dial Sight
Dialyte Lens
Diaphanometer
Diatom Prism
Dick, A.B.
Dick, William
Dickman, John
Dickson, William
Didbin’s Hand Photometer
Diederichs, Carl
Dienstglas
Diffraction Grating
Dillon, Mr.
DIN
Dioptra; Diopter; Dioptre
Dioptre
Dioptric Micrometer
Dipleidoscope
Dipping Refractometer
Director
Direct Vision Prism
Direct Vision Spectroscope
Dispersion
Distortion
Divided Object Glass Micrometer
Dividing Engine
Divini, Eustachio
Dixey & Son, C.W.
Dixey & Sons, C.W.
Dixey, Adolphus William
Dixey, Charles Anderson
Dixey, Charles Wastell
Dixey, Edward
Dixey, G.&C.
Dixey, George
Dixey, John
Dixey, Lewis
Dixons
Dobbie & Son, Alexander
Dobbie McInnes Ltd.
Dobson, John (I)
Dobson, John (II)
Dobsonian Telescope (Mount)
Docktree, Walter
Dodd, Andrew
Dolci Brothers
Dollond & Aitchison
Dollond & Co.
Dollond & Son, John
Dollond, George (I)
Dollond, George (II)
Dollond, John (I)
Dollond, John (II)
Dollond, P.&G.
Dollond, P.&J.
Dollond, Peter
Dollond, William
Double Image Micrometer
Double Image Prism
Double Refraction Micrometer
Doublet
Doublet, T.&H.
Douglas, James
Dove Prism
Dowling, William
Drakeford, David
Drapers’ Company
Drew, Peter
Drexler & Nagel
Dring & Fage
Drum Microscope
Ducati
Duboscq, Louis Jules
Duboscq & Pellin
Ducray-Chevallier, Alexandre Victor
Dufay Chromex Ltd.; Dufay Ltd.
Dumaige, M.
Dumotiez, Frères
Dumpy Level
Dunbar-Scott Auxiliary Top and Side Telescope
Duncan, William
Duncker, Johann Heinrich August
Dunn, John
Dunn, Thomas
Dunnell, John (Dunning)
Duren, Henry
Dynameter
E
Eagle Optics
Ealing Corporation; Ealing Catalog
Eastland & Co.
Eastland & Cooke
Eastland, William (I)
Eastland, William (II)
Eastman Dry Plate Company
Eastman, George
Eastman Kodak Company
Ebeling, Fritz
Ebsworth, George Richard
Ebsworth, Richard
Ebsworth, Thomas
Echelette Grating (Blazed Grating)
Echelle grating
Echelon Grating
Echelon Spectroscope
Ecole Supérieure de Optique
Ede, C.J.
Eden & Hollis
Eden, Alfred Frederick
Eden, William
Edgecomb, William C.
Edgeworth, Henry
Edison, Thomas Alva
Edixa
Edmund Optics
Edu Science
Eglington, John
Eglington, Peter
Ehrenreich Photo Optical Industries
Eichens, Freidrich Wilhelm
Eikow Optics
Electrotachyscope
Elliott & Sons
Elliott & Sons, William
Elliott Brothers
Elliott, Charles Alfred
Elliott, Edwin
Elliott, E.J.
Elliott, F.H.&C.
Elliott, Frederick Henry
Elliott, Thomas
Elliott, William
Ellis Aquatic Microscope
Emden, Abraham van
Emmerich Optical Company, John H.
Empire Made
Enbeeco
Endacott Scientific Instrument Co.
Endoscope
Engelbert, Louis
Engineer Chevallier
Engiscope
Enhelion Ltd.
Ensign Ltd.
Entrance Pupil
Epidiascope
Episcope
Épry, Charles
Equatorial Mount
Erecting Prism
Erfle, Heinrich Valentin
Ernemann
Ertel & Sohn
Ertel, Traugott Leberecht von
Établissements Lacour Berthiot S.A.
Etalon
Eumig
Evans, John Johnson
Evans, Thomas J.
Everest Theodolite
Evershed Spectroscope
Exakta
Exit Pupil
Explore Scientific
Extinction Wedge
Eyepiece
Eyepiece Micrometer
Eye Relief
F
Fabry, Charles
Fabry-Perot Interferometer
Factory of Optical and Precision Devices H. Kolberg & Co.
Fage, William
Fairbone, Charles (I)
Fairbone, Charles (II)
Fairey, Joseph (I)
Fairey, Joseph (II)
Fairey, Richard (I)
Fairey, Richard (II)
Fairey, Richard & Joseph
Fairey & Son, Joseph
Fallowfield, Jonathan
Fanmakers’ Company
Fantascope
Farriers’ Company
Fasoldt, Charles
Fata Morgana
Fauth, Camill
Fauth & Co.
Fayrer & Sons
Fayrer, James
Featley, Robert (I)
Featley, Robert (II)
Fecker, Gottlieb L.
Fecker, James Walter
Fecker Inc., J.W.
FED
Feil, Charles; Feil & Co.
Feinmess Dresden GmbH
Fennel, Otto
Ferrania
Ferrotype
Ferson, Fred B.
Féry Refractometer
Féry Spectrograph
FIAMMA
Fidler, Robert
Field & Co., R.
Field Curvature
Field Flattener
Field Lens
Field Stop
Field, John
Field, Robert
Field, Robert & Son
Field, W.E.
Filma
Filotecnica, La
Filotecnica Salmoiraghi
Finder Scope
Finlay, Robert
Finnie & Liddle
Finnie, Joseph
Fire Damp Photometer
Fisher, Samuel
Fishmongers’ Company
Fitz, Henry
Fitz, Henry Giles
Fizeau, Armand Hippolyte Louis
Flatters & Garnett Ltd.
Flavelle Brothers and Roberts
Fletchers’ Company
Flicker Photometer
Flint Glass
Foca
Focal
Focal Plane
Focal Reducer
Focostat Lens
Folded Optics Microscope
Folding Binoculars
Folding Camera
Folmer & Schwing
Ford, William
Forster, J.
FOS Limited Partnership Society Ginsberg and Co
Foton
Foucault, Jean Bernard Léon
Foucault Siderostat
Foul Anchor
Founders’ Company
Fournier, G.
Français, E.
Francis, George
Frank Ltd., Charles
Franka
Franke and Heidecke
Franklin-Adams, John
Franks Ltd., A.
Franks, A.&B.
Franks, A.&J.
Franks, Abraham
Franks, Aubrey
Franks, Aubrey & Isaac
Franks, Benjamin
Franks, Henry
Franks, Jacob
Franks, Jacob Henry
Franks, Joseph
Fraser & Son, William
Fraser & Co.
Fraser & Sons
Fraser, A.&H.
Fraser, Alexander
Fraser, J.
Fraser, William
Fratelli Dolci
Fratelli Koristka
Fraunhofer, Joseph Ritter von
Freiberger
Fresnel, Augustin Jean
Fresnel Double Mirror
Fresnel Double Prism
Fresnel Lamp/Lantern
Fresnel Lens
Fresnel Prism
Frezzolini, James
Friese-Greene, William
Frith & Co., Peter
Frith Brothers
Fritsch, Karl
Fromme Brothers
Fuess, Rudolf
Fujifilm
Fujinon
Fuji Surveying Instrument Company Ltd.
Fullerscopes - Dudley Fuller
G
Gabory, Edmund
Gabory, M.
Gabriel & Co., P.
Gaertner Scientific Corporation
Gaertner, William
Gailand Optical Co.
Gajdušek, Vilém
Gajdušek-Kozelský
Galilean Telescope
Galilei, Galileo
Galileo
Gall & Lembke
Galletti, Antoni
Galletti, John
Gambey, Henry Prudence
Gamer Engineering Co. Ltd.
Gandolfi & Sons, Louis
Gardam and Sons, William
Gardiner, James Blake
Gardner, Henry
Gardner, John
Gardner and Co.
Gardner & Co., M.
Gardner & Lyle
Gardner & Neill
Gardner, Thomas R.
Gardner, William
Gargory, James
Garland, John
Gaumont Léon
Gaumont & Cie., L.
Gaumont & Co., L.
Gaumont British Picture Corporation
Gaumont Kalee
Gaunt, Charles
Gauss, Karl Friedrich
Gautier, Paul
Gay, Richard
Gay, Thomas
G.B. Bell and Howell
G.B. Equipments
G.B. Kalee
G.B. Kershaw
Gebrűder Fromme
Gekroonde Lootsman, De
Geneva Optical Co.
George Ltd., W.&J.
George and Becker, W.&J.
Gerhardt Optik GmbH
German Equatorial Mount
German Makers’ Ordnance Codes for Optical Products
GeoMax
Gerrard, William
Ghost Micrometer
Gibson, John
Gieves Ltd., Gieves & Hawkes Ltd.
Gilbert & Co.
Gilbert & Gilkerson
Gilbert & Son, John
Gilbert & Son; Gilbert & Sons
Gilbert & Wright
Gilbert, John (I)
Gilbert, John (II)
Gilbert, John (III)
Gilbert, Thomas
Gilbert, W.&T.
Gilbert, William (I)
Gilbert, William (II)
Gilbert, Wright & Hooke
Gilkerson & Co., James
Gilkerson & McAll, James & John
Gilkerson, James
Gilles, Alexandre François
Gillett and Sibert
Ginsberg, Aleksander
Girdlers’ Company
Giroux & Cie, Alphonse
Glan-Foucault Prism
Glan-Thompson Prism
Glass, Optical
Glass Perfection
Glover, Joseph
Goddard, James Thomas
Godfrey, Thomas
Goerz, Carl Paul
Gofton, William
Gogerty, Robert
GOI
Goldsmiths’ Company
Gonichon & Fils, Veuve
Gonichon, Jean-Baptiste Charles
Gonichon, Jean Charles
Gonichon, Marie Michelle
Gonichon, Paule
Gonichon, Pierre Charles
Goniometer
Goniophotometer
Gorizont; Horizon
Gosudarstvennyy Opticheskiy Institut (GOI)
Gosudarstvennyi Optiko-Mehanicheskiy Zavod (GOMZ)
Goto Inc.
Gough, W.
Gould, Charles
Gould, Charlotte Hyde
Gould, Henry
Gould & Porter
Gowllands Ltd.
Graflex
Graham, George
Granger, R.
Grant, Alexander
Grant, James
Grant, John
Grant, Matthew
Graphic Telescope
Graphoscope
Graphostereoscope
Gravatt, William
Gray, John (I)
Gray, John (II)
Gray & Keen
Gray, Stephen
Green, John
Green, William (I)
Green, William (II)
Green, William (III)
Greenough Binocular Microscope
Gregg, William T.
Gregorian Telescope
Gregory & Co., W.
Gregory & Wright
Gregory, Gilbert & Co.
Gregory, Gilbert & Wright
Gregory, Henry
Gregory, James
Gregory, William (I)
Gregory, William (II)
Grice, William Hawks
Griffin & George
Griffin & Sons, John J.
Griffin & Tatlock
Griffith, Edward
Griffith, Ezra H.
Griffiths & Co. Ltd., Walter
Grindel, Carlo
Grindel, Francesco
Grocers’ Company
Grubb, Sir Howard
Grubb, Sir Howard and Sons
Grubb Parsons
Grubb Telescope Company
Grubb, Thomas
Grunow, J.&W.
Guan Sheng Optical (GSO)
Guaranteed Lens Co.
Guinand, Aimé
Guinand, Henry
Guinand, Pierre Louis
Gundlach, Ernst
Gundlach-Manhattan Optical Co.
Gundlach Optical Co.
Gundlach Photo-Optical Co.
Gunner’s Quadrant
Gunter’s Quadrant
Gurley, W.&L.E.
Gustav Heyde Mathematisch-Mechanisches Institut Optische Präzisions-Werkstätten
GX Microscopes (GT Vision)
Gyro-Theodolite
H
Haag-Streit
Haas & Hurter
Haas, J.B.
Hadley, John
Hadley’s Quadrant
Haering
Hahn, A.&R.
Hahn für Optik und Mechanik, AG
Hails, Thomas
Haking (Xinhui) Optical Ltd., W.
Halden, Joseph and Company
Hale, George Ellery
Halina
Hall & Brothers Ltd., A.H.
Hall & Watts Ltd.
Hall Brothers
Hall, Chester Moor
Hamblin Ltd., Theodore
Hammersley, J.
Hampson, Robert
Hanimex
Hapo
Hardin Optical Company
Hardy & Co., E.H.
Hare, George
Hargreaves, Frederick J.
Harling, W.H.
Harris & Co., William
Harris & Son, H.
Harris & Son, Thomas
Harris & Son, William
Harris, George
Harris, George and Henry
Harris, John
Harris, Philip
Harris, Richard
Harris, Thomas (I)
Harris, Thomas (II)
Harris, Thomas P.
Harris, William (I)
Harris, William (II)
Harrisons Opticians
Hart, Joseph
Hartley, C.
Hartmann & Braun
Hartnack, Edmund
Hartnack and Prazmowski
Hartsoeker, Nicolaas
Harvey & Peak
Harvey, Reynolds and Co.
Hasselblad
Hauck, W.J.
Hauksbee, Francis
Haw and Reynolds
Hawkins & Wale
Hawkins, Thomas
Hawksley & Sons
Hay, John & James
Hayes Brothers
H.C.R. & Son Ltd.
Hearn & Harrison
Hearn & Potter
Hearne, George
Hearne & Jackson
Hearson, Charles
Heath & Co.
Heath, George
Heath, Messrs. George
Heath, George Wilson
Heath, Thomas (I)
Heath, Thomas (II)
Heath, William
Heath and Wing
Heather, William
Heele, Hans
Heliograph
Heliometer
Helios
Heliostat
Heliostate
Heliotrope
Heller & Brightly
Helmholtz, Hermann von
Hemsley & Son, Thomas
Hemsley, Henry (I)
Hemsley, Henry (II)
Hemsley, J.&T.
Hemsley, Thomas (I)
Hemsley, Thomas (II)
Hen, Hendrik
Henderson, Angus
Henry, Paul and Prosper
Hensoldt & Engelbert
Hensoldt, Moritz
Heron, David
Heron & McGregor
Herring, Alika
Herschel Prism
Herschel Wedge
Herschel, William
Herschelian Telescope
Hertel & Reuss
Hexagon AB
Heyde Gustav
Hezzanith
H.H. & Son Ltd.
Hicks, James Joseph
Highley, Samuel
Hilger, Adam
Hilger Interferometer
Hilger & Watts
Hilkin
Hilkinson
Hill & Price
Hill & Son, G.
Hill, Nathaniel
Hill, Peter
Hillum & Co.
Hillum, Joseph
Hillum, Richard
Hillum, Mrs. S.
Himmler, Karl Otto
Hinde, John
Hinde, Roger
Hindle, John Henry
Hindley, Henry
Hinds, David
Hinds, David Graham
Hino Kinzoku Sangyo Co.
Hino Optical Co.
Hinton & Co.
Hitch, Joseph
Hiyoshi Optical Company
Hobcraft, William (I)
Hobcraft, William (II)
Hofmann, Dr. J.G.
Holcomb, Amasa
Holland & Joyce
Holland Circle
Holland, James
Holliwell Bros.
Holliwell, Thomas & William
Holliwell, William
Holliwell, William & Son
Holmes, J.K.M.
Holmes-Bates Stereoscope
Holmes, Booth & Haydens
Holmes Brothers
Holmes, John
Holmes, John William
Holmes, Julia & John
Holmes, Mary Ann
Holmes, Samuel
Holyman, John
Holyman, William
Hooke, Benjamin
Hooke, Robert
Hooker, John Daggett
Hoppe, Ebenezer
Horne & Thornthwaite
Horne, Thornthwaite and Wood
Horton & Co., George Melville
Höschel, Christof Kaspar
Hoskold’s Transit Theodolite
Houghton & Sons, George
Houghton, George
Houghton-Butcher
Houghtons Ltd.
Houston & Cameron
Hovil & Sons
How, James
Howard, Charles P.
Howe, John
Howe, Joseph
Howell & Green
Hoya
Hudson & Co., A.
Hudson & Son
Hudson, Frederick T.
Hudson, John
Hudson, John Thomas
Hudson, Sarah
Huet et Cie
Huet, Louis
Huggins, George (I)
Huggins, George (II)
Huggins, John (I)
Huggins, John (II)
Huggins, William
Hughes, Alexander
Hughes, Arthur Joseph
Hughes, Henry
Hughes and Son, Henry
Hughes, Joseph (I)
Hughes, Joseph (II)
Hughes, W.C.
Hulbert, Richard
Hulst van Keulen, Gerard
Hummel Optical Co. Ltd.
Hunt, John
Hunt & Son
Henry Hunt
Hunt, Thomas (I)
Thomas Hunt (II)
Hunter, R.F.
Hunter & Sands
Huntley, Robert
Hurlimann, A.
Hurter & Haas
Husbands and Clarke
Husbands, Henry
Husbands and Sons, H
Husbands’ Optical Works
Husbands, William Samuel
Husun
Husun Marine Distance Meter
Hutchinson, Charles C.
Hutchinson, George
Huygens, Christian
Hyde, J.M.
Hyland Optical Technologies
Hy Score
Hysom, Jim
Hytel Optics
I
Ibn al-Haytham, Al-Hassan
ICA
ICAF
Iceland Spar
IG Farben AG
Ihagee Kamerawerk Steenbergen & Co.
Ilex Camera Works
Ilex Manufacturing Co.
Ilford
Iloca
Image Plane
Image, Real
Image, Virtual
Immersion Objective
Impersonal Prismatic Astrolabe
Imray and Son, James
Ingénieur Chevallier
Institut d’Optique
Interference Colour Photography
Interferometer
Inverted Microscope
Iris de Paris
Iriscope
Irvin, Thomas & Peter
Irvine, Elizabeth
Irvine, John
Irvine, John G.
Irving & Sons, H.N.
J
Jackenkroll, A., Optische Anstalt GmbH
Jackson A.C.
Jackson, Joseph
Jacob, A.
Jaegers Optical Corporation, A.
Jägermeister
Jameson, James
Jamin Refractometer
Jannsen, Zacharias
Japanese Manufacturers’ Marks for Optical Products
JB codes
Jecker, François-Antoine
Jenkins, Samuel
Jenoptik
Jessops
Jewel Lens
Jewitt & Co., W.
Jinghua Optics & Electronics Co. Ltd.
JIS
Jobin, Amédé
Joblot, Louis
Johannsen, Asmus
Johnson, Samuel
Joiners’ Company
Jointed Microscope
Jones & Gray
Jones & Son, John
Jones & Sons, John
Jones, Charles
Jones, David
Jones, Edward
Jones, Gray & Keen
Jones, Henry
Jones, John
Jones, Samuel
Jones, Thomas
Jones, W.&S.
Jones, William
Jones-Bird Telescope
JTW Astronomy
K
Kahles, Karl
Kalee
Kaleidoscope
Kamera Werkstätten (KW)
Kaspereit, Otto Karl
Kazan Optical and Mechanical Plant (KOMZ)
Keary, P.J.
Keeler Ltd.
Keen, Robert John
Kellner, Carl
Kelvin, Bottomley and Baird
Kelvin and Hughes
Kelvin and James White Ltd.
Kenko Co. Ltd.; Kenko Tokina Co. Ltd.
Keohan, Thomas
Kepler, Johannes
Keplerian Telescope
Keratometer
Keratoscope
Kern & Co.
Kershaw, Abraham and Sons
Kershaw Optical Co.
Kershaw Projector Co. Ltd.
Kershaw-Soho Ltd.
Keuffel & Esser
Keulen, van
Keyzor & Bendon
Keyzor & Co.
Keyzor, Michael & Abraham
Keyzor, M.&M.
Kharkov Machine-Building Plant (FED)
Kiev (КИЕВ)
Kimbell, Isaac
Kimbell, John
Kinematograph
Kinetograph
Kinetoscope
King
King, Charles Gedney
King, John (I)
King, John (II)
King and Coombs
King and Son
King and Son, John
King, Thomas Davies
Kinnear, C.G.H.
Kino Precision Industries
Kiron
Klein, W.
Kleine, C.B.
Kleman & Zoon, J.M.
Klingenstierna, Samuel
Klönne and Müller
KMZ
Knight, George
Knight & Sons, George
Knott, Isaac
Knott & Co.
Knox & Shain
Kolberg, Henryk
Kollmorgen
Kollsman Instrument Company, Inc.
Kodak
Kodak-Pathé
Köhler, August
Köhler Illumination
KOMZ
Konica
Konica Minolta
König, Albert
Konus
Koristka, Franz
Körner & Mayer
Kowa
Koyu Company Ltd.
Kozelský, František
Krasnogorskij Mechanicheskij Zavod (KMZ)
Krauss, E.
Krauss, G.A.
Kronos
Kruines
Krüss, Andres
Krüss, Hugo
Kuhlmann, Franz
Kunming United Optics Corporation
Kürbi & Niggeloh
Kuribayashi Camera Works
Kyocera
Kyowa Optical Co. Ltd.
L
L3 Brashear
L3 SSG
L3 Technologies
Laboratory Optical Co.
Lacour-Berthiot
Ladd, William
Lancaster and Son, J.
Lane & Sons, J.L.
Langley Inclinometer
Lantern
Laser
Latham Brothers
Laun, Hartog van
Laurent, Léon
Lawley
Lawrence & Mayo
Leader, Henry Francis
Leaf
Lealand, Peter H.
Lean’s Miners' Theodolite
Lear, Anthony James
Lebas, Philippe-Claude
Lebas, Veuve
Lee, George
Lee, Joseph
Lee & Son
Lee & Son, George
Leech (Rochester) Ltd.
Leech, William
Leedham & Robinson
Leeuwenhoek, Antonie Philips van
Leeuwenhoek Aquatic Microscope
Legross, P.J.
Leica Heerbrugg AG
Leica Camera
Leica Geosystems
Leica Microsystems
Leicester Astronomical Centre Ltd.
Leiner and Bertram
Leitz
Lejeune & Perken
Lekeux, Richard
Lemaire
Lemardeley et Fils
Leningrad Optical Mechanical Association (LOMO)
Lennie Opticians
Lenoir, Etienne
Lenoir, Paul Etienne Marie
Lens
Lensball
Lensman Microscope
Lens Measure
Lenticular Stereoscope
Lepetit, Albert
Lerebours, Noël-Jean
Lerebours, Noël Marie Paymal
Lerebours & Secretan
Leupold
Level
Leverton, John
Levi & Co., Joseph
Levi & Co., S.J.
Levi, Jones & Co. Ltd
Levy & Co., Joseph S.
Levy & Finister
Lichtenknecker Optics
Liddell, John Josiah
Liddell, Robert & Co.
Liddle, William
Lieberkühn, Johann N.
Lieberkühn Mirror
Lieberman and Gortz
Liebig, Justus von
Lietz Company, The
Lilley & Gillie, John
Lilley & Son, Ltd., John
Lilley, John (I)
Lilley, John (II)
Limer
Lincoln, Charles
Lincoln Jr., F.W. & Co.
Lincoln, Thomas
Lindsay, George
Linhof, Valentin
Linnell, Elijah
Linnell, George
Linnell, Joseph
Linnell, Robert
LINOS AG
Lione & Co.
Lione, Dominick
Lione, Somalvico & Co.
Lippershey, Hans
Lippmann, Gabriel
Lister, Joseph Jackson
Littlewort, George
Littlewort, William
Littlewort, William & George
Littrow, Karl von
Littrow, Otto von
Littrow Quartz Spectrograph
Lizars, John
Lloyd’s Mirror Interferometer
Loewy, Maurice
Loft, Matthew
Logan, James H.
LOMO
London Stereoscopic Co. Ltd.
Long and Johnston
Long, James
Long, Joseph (I)
Long, Joseph (II)
Longland, William
Lonsdale Bros.
Lorenz Scientific Ltd.
Lorieux, E.
Loriners’ Company
Lorkin, Thomas
Loupe Magnifier
Lowdon, George
Lowe, John
Lucernal Microscope
Lucking & Co., James
Ludolph, W
Lumière
Lummer-Brodhun Cube
Lummer-Brodhun Photometer
Lummer and Gehrcke Interferometer
Lundin, Carl
Lundin, Robert
Lundy, J.F.
Lunt
Lutz, Edouard
Lyle, James
Lynch, James
Lytkarino Optical Glass Factory (LZOS)
M
Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
Mackenzie & Co.
Mackenzie, Alexander
Mackenzie & Swygart
Macrae, Henry
Magic Lantern
Magnetograph
Magnusson, O.
Mailhat, R.
Maison Bardou
Maison Chevallier
Maison de l’Ingénieur Chevallier
Maison Lerebours & Secretan
Makers of Playing Cards, Worshipful Company of
Maksutov Telescope
Maksutov-Cassegrain Telescope
Mamiya
Manent, Maurice
Mangin, Colonel Alphonse
Mangin Mirror
Manhattan Optical Company
Mann & Ayscough, James & James
Mann, James (I)
Mann, James (II)
Mann, John
Manning, Charles
Mantois, Edouard
Marey, Étienne-Jules
Margas, John
Marie, J-B
Marie, Veuve
Marindin Rangefinder
Marine Instruments
Marion & Co.
Marion & Foulger
Marratt & Ellis
Marratt & Short
Marratt, John Symonds
Marriott, William
Mars
Marsh, Rev. D.B.
Marshall, John
Martin, Adolphe Alexandre
Martin, Benjamin
Martin, James
Martin, Joshua Lover
Martz Jr., Edwin P.
Mason & Co.
Mason & Son
Mason & Sons Ltd., Thomas H.
Mason, John
Mason, Jonathan
Mason, R.G.
Mason, Seacombe (I)
Mason, Seacombe (II)
Mason, Seacome (III)
Mason, Standish (I)
Mason, Standish (II)
Mason, T.&J.
Mason, Thomas (I)
Mason, Thomas (II)
Mason, Thomas Holmes
Masons’ Company
Mathematisch-mechanisches Institut von Reichenbach & Ertel
Mathematisch-mechanisches Institut von Reichenbach & Liebherr
Mathematisch-mechanisches Institut von Utzschneider, Reichenbach & Liebherr
Mathers, Thomas
Matthews, Thomas B.
Matthews, William (I)
Matthews, William (II)
Mawson & Swan
Maxwell, James Clerk
Mayflower
McAll, John
McAllister & Brother
McAllister, Thomas H.
McArthur Microscopes Ltd.
McGregor, Duncan
McIntosh, Thomas
McIntosh, Dr. L.D.
Meade Instruments
Meagher, P.
Medial Telescope
Megameter
Meiji Techno Co. Ltd.
Meissner, A.
Mekometer
Melling & Co.
Melling & Payne
Melling, John
Ménard, Guillaume (I)
Ménard, Guillaume (II)
Ménard, Siméon
Meniscus Lens
Menzies, Alexander
Meopta
Merchant Taylors’ Company
Meredith, Nicholas
Meridian Circle
Meridian Instrument
Meridional Telescope
Merker & Ebeling
Merker, Ludwig
Merklein, J.S.
Merklein und Zimmer
Merz & Mahler
Merz & Söhne in München, G.
Merz, G.&S.
Merz, Georg
Merz, Jakob
Merz, Matthias & Jakob
Merz, Sigmund
Merz, Utzschneider & Fraunhofer in München
Messer, Benjamin
Messer, George Bracher
Messer, John James
Messter, Ed.
Messter, Oskar
Metal
Metz Apertometer
Meyer & Co.
Meyer & Co., Hugo
Meyerstein, Moritz
Michelson, Albert Abraham
Michelson Interferometer
Microfiche
Microfilm
Micrograph
Micro Instruments (Oxford) Ltd.
Micrometer
Microphotograph
Micro Precision Products Ltd.
Microscope
Microscope Stage Micrometer
Microspectroscope
Middlefell, Damaine
Midland Camera Co. Ltd.
Miller and Adie
Miller Brothers
Miller, John
Mills, George
Mills, Harriett
Mills, Robert
Minolta
Minox
Mir
Mirador
Mirand, Antoine and Jean
Miranda Camera Company
Mirror Stereoscope
Mitscherlich goniometer
Mittelstrass, Gebr.
MIZAR Optical Japan
Mizar Tech Ltd.
M-Katera
Mogey, W.&D.
Mogey & Sons Inc., William
Moginie, William
Möller, Johann Diedrich
Molteni
Molton, Francis
Monolux
Moody Bell, William
Moon, John
Moon, William
Moor, James
Moore, John Hamilton
Moravian Instruments
Morgan, Francis
Morgan, John
Morley & Cooper
Morley, W.H.
Morris, Thomas S.
Morrison, Richard
Morton & Co.
Morton & Co., John
Morton, Alexander (I)
Morton, Alexander (II)
Morton, James
Morton, Thomas
Motic Group
Motion Picture Image Reproduction
Mountain Transit Theodolite
MPP Photographic Products Ltd.
Mudge, John
Munford, John
Munro, James (I)
Munro, James (II)
Munro, R.W.
Mural Arc
Mural Circle
Mural Quadrant
Murnaghan Industries
Murray & Heath
Murray, Robert
Museum Microscope
Musschenbroek, Jan van
Musschenbroek, Johan Joosten van
Musschenbroek, Samuel van
Muybridge, Eadweard
N
Nachet, Camille Sébastien
Nachet et Fils
Nachet, Jean Alfred
Nachet’s Prism
Nagel, Dr. August
Nagler, Al
Nairne, Edward
Nairne and Blunt
Nash-Kelvinator Corporation
Nasmyth, James
National Geographic
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
National Physical Laboratory (NPL)
Nedinsco
Needlemakers’ Company
Negretti & Co., Henry
Negretti & Zambra
Negretti, Henry
Neill Brothers
Neill, James
Neill & Co, James
Neill, John R.
Neill, Robert
Neill, Robert & Sons
Neill, Sharman D.
Nephelometer
Nettel Camera-werke
Newbold & Bulford
Newman & Guardia Ltd.
Newman & Simpson
Newman & Sinclair Ltd.
Newman, Arthur S.
Newman, John
Newton & Co.
Newton & Co., H.
Newton & Wright
Newton NM1 Microscope
Newton, E.T.
Newton, Frederick
Newton, H.C.
Newton, Sir Isaac
Newton, W.E.&F.
Newton, William Edward
Newtonian Telescope
Nickel
Nicol Prism
Nicol, William
Niépce, Joseph Nicéphore
Niépce de St Victor, Claude Félix Abel
Niezoldi & Krämer
Night Optics
Nihon Seiko Kenkyusho, Ltd.
Nikon
NIL
Nippon Kōgaku Kōgyō Kabushikigaisha
Nishimura Co. Ltd.
Nitsche & Günther Optische Werke KG
Nivoc
Nobert, Friedrich Adolph
Noctovist
Norie, John William
Norie & Co., J.W.
Norie & Wilson
Norman, John Thomas
Nörremberg Polariscope
Northen, Edward
Northen, Richard
Northen, Richard & Son
Northrop Grumman Corporation
Nottingham Instruments Ltd.
Novak & Company, Kenneth
Novosibirsk Instrument-Making Plant (NPZ)
Numerical Aperture
Nye Optical Co.
O
Oakley, Joseph
Oberhäuser, Johann Georg
Oberwerk
Objective Lens
Obukhov Optical Works
Octant
OCT Scanner
Ocular
Ocular Instruments Inc.
Oertling, Johann August Daniel
Off-Axis
Officina Filotecnica
Officine Galileo
Ofynn, Edward
Ogilvy & Co.
Ohara
Oigee
Oil Immersion Objective
Okada Kōgaku
Oleorefractometer
Olivo, Angelo
Olympus
Omnimeter
Opaque (Opake) Microscope
Ophthalmoscope
Ophthalmometer
Oppelt, Johann Balthasar
Optica b/c
Optical Activity
Optical Axis
Optical Coherence Tomography
Optical Craftsmen, The
Optical Glass
Optical Hardware
Optical Surfaces
Optical Square
Optical Techniques Inc.
Optical Vision Ltd. (OVL)
Opticron
Optics - Feinmess Dresden VEB
Optigraph
Optique et Précision de Levallois (OPL)
Optikotechna
Optimus
Optische Anstalt Oigee
Optische Fabrik M. Baader
Optische Glasfabrik in Benediktbeuern, Sigmund Merz München
Optische Werkstätte der Gebrüder Matthias und Jakob Merz
Optische Werkstätte von Jakob Merz
Optisches Institut
Optisches Institut G.&S. Merz vormals Utzschneider und Fraunhofer in München
Optisches Institut von A. Krüss
Optisches Institut von Utzschneider und Fraunhofer
Optisches Institut von Utzschneider, Reichenbach & Fraunhofer in Benediktbeuern.
Optisches Institut Wilhelm Steeg
Optolyth
Optometer
Optron Laboratory
Ordnance Codes
Orion
Orion Camera Co.
Orion Optics UK
Orion Seiki Sangyō Y.K.
Orthochromatic
Orthoscope
Orthoscopic
Osborne, Thomas P.G.
Ostara
Otoscope
Ottewill & Morgan
Ottewill, Collis & Co.
Ottewill, Thomas
Ottway & Co. Ltd., W.
Owen, Charles
Oxyhydrogen Microscope
P
Pacific Instruments
Palar
Paillard Bolex
Pallant, John
Paludan, D.A.
Panchromatic
Pancratic
Panoptic
Panoptikon
Parallactic Ladder Mount
Parallactic Telescope
Paraxial
Paris, Claude
Paris, M.
Paris, Marie-Anne
Park, Henry
Parker & Co., A.G.
Parker & Co., Alfred J.
Parker Hale
Parkes and Son, James
Parkes and Sons, John
Parks Optical
Parnell & Son, William
Parnell, Thomas (I)
Parnell, Thomas (II)
Parnell, William
Parra, Numa
Parra Mantois et Cie
Parsons Optical Glass Company
Parsons, James
Parsons, James & George
Parsons, Sir Charles Algernon
Parsons, William (I)
Parsons, William (II)
Parsons, William (III)
Passemant, Claude-Siméon
Passey, D.
Pastorelli & Co., Francis
Pastorelli & Rapkin
Pastorelli, Francis John
Pastorelli, John
Pathé, Charles
Pathéscope
Patrick, George
Patroni, Pietro
Patten, Richard
Pattenmakers’ Company
Paul, Robert William
Payne & Chapman
Payne, J.B
Peacock, James
Pearson, Richard
Pearson, Robert
Pellin, Philibért François
Pelorus
Pentacon
Pentaprism
Pentax (Pentax Corporation)
Periscope
Periscopic Lens
Periscopic Prism Company (PPCo)
Perken, Son and Rayment
Perkin Elmer
Perot, Jean-Baptiste Alfred
Perry, Charles
Perspective; Perspective Glass
Peter & Zoon, G.W.
Petitdidier, Octave Leon
Petit, L.
Petri Camera Company
Petrograd Porcelain Works
Petzval, Josef Max
Pfister, Hermann
Phantascope; Bio-Phantascope
Phase Contrast Microscopy
Phase One
Phase Telescope
Phelps & Gurley
Phénakistiscope
Phillips, Solomon
Phoneidoscope
Photochrom, Photochrome, Photochromy
Photograph
Photographic Film
Photographic Zenith Tube (PZT)
Photographometer
Photoheliograph
Photometer
Photophone
Photoscope
Photo-Survey Camera
Photo-Theodolite
Pickart, Alexandre Auguste
Pickering, Thomas
Piggott, William Peter
Pignons SA
Pike, Benjamin
Pilkington Brothers
Pilkington, George
Pilkington, John
Pilkington, Mary A.
Pillischer, Moritz
Pillischer, Jacob
Pilot, Etienne
Pinhole Camera
Pistor, Carl Philipp Heinrich
Pistor & Martins
Pistor & Schieck
Pixii Père et Fils
Pixii, Nicolas Constant
Pizzala, Augustus
Pizzala, Francis Augustus (I)
Pizzala, Francis Augustus (II)
Pizzala, Joseph
Placido’s Disc
Plan objective
Plath, Carl
Plaubel
Pleograph
Plössl, Gustáv Simon
Polam
Polar Clock
Polarex
Polarimeter
Polariscope
Polarization
Polarization by Reflection
Polaroid
Polar Scope
Polar Siderostat
Polemoscope
Polish Optical Industries (PZO)
Pollard, Joseph
Pöller, Franz
Polygonoscope
Polyoptrum; Polyoptron
Ponder and Best
Ponthus & Therrode
Poole, Thomas
Porro, Ignazio
Porro Prism
Porst
Porter & Hunt
Porter, Henry
Porter, James
Potter, Charles (I)
Potter, Charles (II)
Potter, Charles (III)
Potter, John D.
Potts, Thomas
Poulin, Roger
Pouilly, J.
Pouzet, Gustav
Powell & Lealand
Powell, Hugh
Powell, Samuel
Powell, Thomas Hugh
Praktika
Praktina
Praxinoscope
Precision Optical Co. Ltd.
Prentice, James
Preston, Grant
Prestwich, John Alfred
Price, William
Prin, Georges
Prince, Abraham
Prinz
Prior Scientific
Prior & Co. Ltd., W.R.
Prism
Prismatic Astrolabe
Prismatic Compass
Prism Photometer
Pritchard, Andrew
Pritchard, Charles
Pritchard, Edward
Pritchard, James
Proctor & Beilby
Progress Optics
Projector
Prokesch, Wenzel
Prontor
Prospect; Prospective Glass; Prospect Glass
Prószyński, Kazimierz
Pseudoscope; Pseudoscopic
Pulfrich Refractometer
Pullin and Co., R.B.
Pullin Optical Company
Purma Cameras Ltd.
Purser and Brother, H.F.
Purus
Putois, Etienne Antoine
Putois, Marie
Pye & Co., W.G.
Pyefinch, Henry
Pyne, J.J.
Pyrex
Pyser-Britex Group
Pyser-SGI (Pyser Optics Ltd.)
PZO
Q
QHYCCD
Qioptiq
Quadrant
Quartz Spectrograph
Queen & Company, James W.
Queslin, Adélaïde Amanda
Queslin, Pierre Louis Amédée
Questar
Quintant
R
Radford, John (I)
Radford, John (II)
Radford, William
Radiguet & Massiot
Rainbow
Rajar
Ramage & Co.
Ramage, John (I)
Ramage, John (II)
Ramsden Disc
Ramsden, Jesse
Rangefinder (Optical)
Rank, J. Arthur
Rapid Rentilinear Lens
Rapson
RAS Thread
Raspail’s Simple Chemical Microscope
Rathenower Optische Werke GmbH
Raxter, John
Ray & Co., J.W.
Rayleigh Criterion
Reed International Group
Reeve’s Distance Finder
Reeves, John
Reeves, Richard
Reflectance
Reflecting Circle
Reflecting Microscope
Reflecting Telescope; Reflector
Reflection Grating
Reflectometer
Reflex Mirror
Refracting Telescope; Refractor
Refraction
Refractive Index
Refractometer
Regent
Reichenbach & Ertel
Reichenbach & Liebherr
Reichenbach, Georg Friedrich von
Reichenbach, Utzschneider & Liebherr
Reichert, C., Optische Werke
Reid and Sigrist
Reinfelder & Hertel
Reiss, R.
Relay Lens
Repeating Circle
Repsold, A.&G.
Repsold & Söhne, A.
Research Enterprises Ltd. (REL)
Revue; Revueflex
Rew, Robert
Reynaud, Charles-Émile
Reynolds and Branson
Reynolds & Wiggins
Ribright, George
Ribright, Thomas (I)
Ribright, Thomas (II)
Ribright & Son
Richard, Félix-Max
Richard, Jules
Richardson, Adie & Co. Ltd.
Richardson, George
Richardson, Matthew
Richie’s Photometer
Ricoh
Riddell, Prof. John Leonard
Rider, Job
Rienks, S.J.
Rietzschel, A.H.
Riflescope
Riggs and Brother
Ringfoto
Ring Laser Gyroscope
Ring Micrometer
Ripley & Son, Thomas
Ripley, James
Ripley, Thomas
Ritchey-Chrétien Telescope
Ritchey, George Willis
Riva, Ferdinando
RMS Thread
Robbins, J.&C.
Roberts & Co., Austin
Robertson, William
Robinson & Barrow
Robinson & Sons, James
Robinson, John
Robinson, Thomas Charles
Rochette, Gaspard
Rochette Jeune
Rochette Père
Rodenstock
Roessler, Paul
Rollei
Ronchetti
Roof Pentaprism
Roof Prism
Ross, Andrew
Ross, Thomas; Ross & Co.
Ross Ltd., London
Ross-Ensign Ltd.
Rothwell
Rotoscope
Rouch & Co., W.W.
Roux, Ange-Joseph Antoine
Rowland Concave Diffraction Grating
Rowland, Henry Augustus
Rowley, John
Royal
Rubergall, Thomas
Rudge, John Arthur Roebuck
Ruhnke
Rumball, Samuel
Rumford’s Photometer
Ruper
Russian and Soviet Makers’ Marks
Rust, Ebenezer (I)
Rust, Ebenezer (II)
Rust, Joseph (I)
Rust, Joseph (II)
Rust, Richard
Rust, Richard & Son
Rutherford, Lewis Morris
Rutherford’s Prism
Ryland & Son Ltd., H.C.
S
Saegmuller, George N.
Saegmuller & Co., George N.
Sagnac Interferometer
Salanson & Co., H.
Saldarini, Joseph
Salmoiraghi, Angelo
Salmoiraghi and Viganò
Salmon, William John
Salom & Co.
Salyut
Sanders & Co.
Sanders & Crowhurst
Sanderson, F.H.
Sands & Hunter
San Giorgio
Sankei Koki Seisakujo Inc.
Sard
Sartorius, Florenz
Sartory Instruments
Savery, Servington
Sawyers
Scarlett, Edward (I)
Scarlett, Edward (II)
Scatliff, Daniel (I)
Scatliff, Daniel (II)
Scatliff, Daniel (III)
Scatliff, John
Scatliff, Samuel
Scheffel, Mark
Schenk, Ulrich
Schieck, Friedrich Wilhelm
Schiefspiegler
Schlegel, L.
Schleiffelder & Cie, Otto
Schleussner Fotowerke GmbH, Dr. C.
Schmalcalder, Charles Augustus
Schmalcalder, John Thomas
Schmidt & Haensch, Franz
Schmidt Camera
Schmidt, Bernhardt
Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescope
Schmidt-Pechan Prism
Schneider Dresden
Schneider Kreuznach
Schneider Creusot
Schott AG; Schott & Associates
Schott, Otto
Schrauer, Leopold
Schröder, Heinrich Ludwig Hugo
Schupmann, Ludwig
Schwaiger, A.
Schwartz dit Lenoir
Science of Cambridge Ltd.
Scientific Instrument Manufacturers’ Association of Great Britain (SIMA)
Scientific Optics Ltd.
Scioptic Ball
Scott, Benjamin
Screw-Barrel Microscope
Seagull
Secrétan, Marc François Louis
Search, James
Sears
Seeadler Optik
Seibert & Krafft
Seibert, Wilhelm and Heinrich
Seiko Scope
Seiwa Optical Company Ltd.
Self-Levelling Level
Sellew, Roland W.
Selligue
Selo Ltd.
Selsi
Selva, Domenico (I)
Selva, Domenico (II)
Selva, Guiseppe
Selva, Lorenzo
Semitecolo, Leonardo
Sewill, Joseph
Sextant
Sextant Rangefinder
Shadbolt, G.
Shanghai Camera Factory
Shanghai Seagull Digital Camera Co.
Sharp, Abraham
Sharp, Benson
Sharp, Samuel
Sharp, Samuel Charles
Shephard, Felix
Sherwood and Co.
Shew & Co., J.F.
Shew, J.J.
Shimadzu
Shipwrights’ Company
Short & Mason
Short, James (I)
Short, James (II)
Short, Thomas
Short, Thomas Watling
Showa Koki Seizou Co. Ltd.
Showa Optronics Company Ltd. (SOC)
Shuron Optical
Shuttlewood, Cliff
Shuttleworth, Henry Raynes
Siderostat
Sidle & Company, John W. (Acme Optical Works)
Sidle & Poalk
Sigma Corporation
Sigma Research
Silberrad, Charles
Simmance-Abady Photometer
Simmons Optics
Simms Wilson, James
Simms, George
Simms, James & George
Simms, James (I)
Simms, James (II)
Simms, James (III)
Simms, James (IV)
Simms, William (I)
Simms, William (II)
Simms, William (III)
Simms, William (IV)
Simons, James
Sinclair & Co. Ltd., James A.
Sine Condition
Singlet
Sisson, Jeremiah
Sisson, Jonathan
Skybolt
Sky-optic ball
Skywatcher
Slade, W.
Slater, Thomas
Slit Lamp
SLR Camera
Slugg, Josiah Thomas
Smethwick
Smethwick, Francis
Smith & Beck
Smith & Ramage
Smith & Sons, S. (England)
Smith, Addison
Smith, Beck & Beck
Smith, Caleb
Smith, Dwight Lyman
Smith, E.&W.
Smith, Egerton
Smith, George
Smith, James (I)
Smith, James (II)
Smith, James (III)
Smith, Jeppe
Smith, John (I)
Smith, John (II)
Smith, John (III)
Smith, Joseph (I)
Smith, Joseph (II)
Smith, Robert
Smith, Thomas (I)
Smith, Thomas (II)
Smith’s Quadrant
Smiths Industries
Snart, John
Snell’s Law
Società Scientifica Radio Brevetti Ducati (SSRD)
Société des Etablissements Gaumont
Société des Etablissements Krauss (SEK)
Société Genevoise pour la Construction des Instruments de Physique
Société Industrielle d'Instruments de Précision
Société Optique et Précision de Levallois S.A. (OPL)
Société d'Optique et de Mécanique (SOM)
Société d'Optique, Précision, Electronique et Mécanique (SOPEM, Sopelem)
Soho Ltd.
Sokkia
Sokkisha
Solar Camera
Solar Microscope
Soleil, François
Soleil, Henri
Soleil, Jean Baptiste François
Soligor GmbH
Solomons, Elias
Solomons, S.&B.
Somalvico & Co.
Somalvico & Co., Joseph
Somalvico & Son, Joseph
SOM-Berthiot
Sony
Sorby, Henry Clifton
Soulby, John
Soulby & Co., John
Southern Precision Instrument Company (SPI)
Spear, Richard
Spectacle Makers’ Company
Spectra Geospatial
Spectra Pricision
Spectrograph
Spectroheliograph
Spectrometer
Spectrophotometer
Spectroscope
Speculum; Speculum Metal
Spencer & Browning
Spencer, Browning & Co.
Spencer Browning & Rust
Spencer, Charles Achilles
Spencer and Eaton
Spencer, Herbert
Spencer, John (I)
Spencer, John (II)
Spencer, John (III)
Spencer, John (IV)
Spencer & Son, John
Spencer Lens Company
Spencer & Smith Optical Co.
Spencer, William (I)
Spencer, William (II)
Spherical Aberration
Sphero-cylindrical Lens
Spherometer
Spicer, Edward
Spicer, Simon
Spider; Spider Vane
Spina, Alessandro
Spindler & Hoyer
Spinoza, Benedict de
Spinthariscope
Split Image Telescope
Spotting Scope
Sprenger, Eduard
Square D
Springer, Joshua
Springer, William
Spyglass
Srb and Štys
Stackpole & Brother
Stadimeter
Staley & Co., A.E.
Staley, Shew & Co.
Stancliffe, John
Standard Optical Co.
Stanhope Lens
Stanley, William Ford
Stanton Brothers
Stanton, John
Starlight Xpress
Star-Liner Company
Statham, William Edward
Stationers’ Company
Stebbing & Son, George
Stebbing & Wood
Stebbing, George
Stebbing, George James
Stebbing, Horatio Nelson
Stebbing, J.R.&H.
Stebbing, Joseph Rankin
Stedman, Christopher
Steeg & Reuter Präzisionsoptik
Steinheil & Söhne
Stellar Interferometer
Stendicke, August
Stephenson, John Ware
Stereographoscope
Stereopticon
Stereoscope
Sterrop & Yarwell
Sterrop, Avis
Sterrop, George
Sterrop, Jane
Sterrop, Mary
Sterrop, Mary & Son
Sterrop, Ralph
Sterrop, Thomas (I)
Sterrop, Thomas (II)
Steward, J.H.
Steward Telemeter
Stewart’s Distance-Finder
Stiassnie, Maurice
Stoney, George Johnstone
Stoney Heliostat
Storer, William
Street, Samuel
Street, Thomas
Stroud, William
Stuart, George
Stuart’s Distance Meter
Süddeutsches Camerawerk Körner & Mayer
Sun Camera Co. Ltd.
Sunny Group Co. Ltd.
Super 8
Surgett, Charles
Sutcliffe Self-Recording Keratometer
Swan, Sir Joseph Wilson
Swann, Thomas
Swarovski Optik
Sweeney, Edward
Swift Optical Instruments
Swift and Son, James
Swift, James
Swift, Mansell James
Swift Sport Optics
Swygart, Joseph
Syeds, Agnes
Syeds, A. & Co.
Syeds & Davis
Syeds, John
Sym & Co., James
Sym, James (I)
Sym, James (II)
Symmetroscope
Synta Technology Corporation of Taiwan
T
Tacheometer
Tagliabue & Casella
Tagliabue & Co., Caesar
Tagliabue & Torre
Tagliabue & Zambra
Tagliabue, Caesar
Tagliabue, J.&J.
Tagliabue, John
Tagliabue, Torre & Co.
Taisei Optical Equipment Manufacturing
TaiYuan Optical Instruments
Takachiho
Takahashi
Tal
Talbot & Eamer
Talbot, William Henry Fox
Tamaya Technics Inc.
Tamron Co. Ltd.
Tangate, Robert
Tanzutsu
Tasco
Taunton, Frederick Adolphus
Tavistock Theodolite
Taylor, Harold Dennis
Taylor, Janet (Mrs)
Taylor, Janet & Co.
Taylor, Wilfred
Taylor, Taylor & Hobson
Taylor, Thomas Smithies
Tecnomasio Italiano
Tectron Telescopes
Teinoscope
Teleconverter
Teledyne-Gurley
Teleiconograph
Teleidoscope
Telemeter
Telephoto Lens
Telescope
Telespectroscope
Telestereoscope
Tele Vue
Telstar
Tento
Terada, Shintaro
Terrascan
Tesdorph, Ludwig
Tetragonal Prism
Texereau, Jean
Thales Optronics Ltd.
Thate, Paul
Theatograph
Theodolite
Thompson, John (I)
Thompson, John (II)
Thompson, Joseph
Thompson Prism
Thompson, Silvanus P.
Thomson, Elihu
Thomson, John Victor
Thomson, William
Thornoe’s Refractometer
Thornton Ltd., A.G.
Thornton-Pickard Manufacturing Co. Ltd.
Thorp’s Diffraction Grating
Thorp’s Diffraction Spectroscope
Three Mirror Telescope
TI Asahi Co. Ltd.
Tilted Component Telescope
Tilting Level
Tinplate Workers’ Company
Tinsley, Clayton R.
Tinsley Laboratories Inc.
Tintometer
Tintype
Tisley & Spiller
Tisley, S.C. & Co.
Tiyoda
TLR Camera
Tohyoh
Tokina Co. Ltd.
Tokyo Kogaku Kikai KK
Tokyo Optical Co. Ltd.
Tolles, Robert Bruce
Tomlinson, James
Topcon Corporation
Toric Lens
Torre & Co.
Torre, Anthony de la
Torrelli, Christopher
Tosco Co. Ltd.
Total Internal Reflection; Total Reflection
Total Reflectometer
Total Station
Towa
Tower
Transit
Transit Circle
Transit Instrument
Transit Level
Transit Telescope
Transit Theodolite
Tremel, Georg
Trichromatic Photography
Trimble Inc.
Triple Alliance
Triplet
Trochon, François
Troughton, Edward
Troughton, John (I)
Troughton, John (II)
Troughton, J.&E.
Troughton and Simms
Tru-Vue
TRY ME
Tulley & Sons, C.
Tulley, Charles
Tulley, Henry
Tulley, William & Thomas
Turnbull, J.M; Turnbull & Co.
Turners’ Company
Tuther, John Penn
Twyman, Frank
U
Ulrich
Ultra-Violet Glass Spectrograph
Underwood, E.&T.
Unicam Instruments
Union Optical Co. Ltd.
Uniscope
Uni-Scope Optical Systems Ltd.
United Kingdom Optical Company Ltd.
United Trading Co.
Unitron
Universal Camera Corporation
University Optics Inc.
UQG Optics
Uranostat
Urban, Charles; Urban Bioscope
Ure, John
Urings, John
Usener, Charles F.
U.S. Naval Gun Factory Optical Shop Annex
Ustonson, John
Utzschneider & Fraunhofer
Utzschneider & Merz
Utzschneider, Joseph von
Utzschneider, Reichenbach & Fraunhofer in Benediktbeuern
Utzschneider, Reichenbach & Liebherr
V
Valley Microscope
Van Cort Instruments
Vanguard
Varley, Cornelius
Varley, Samuel Alfred
Vasseur & Cie, A. le
Vaughan, C.B.
Vavilov State Optical Institute (GOI)
Veitch, James
Vérascope
Verick, M. Constant
Vernier Reading Theodolite
Vernonscope & Co.
Vertical Illuminator
Vial, Jules
Vickers
Video Camera
Vidhya-Bhand
Viewfinder Camera
Viewmaster
Viganò, Angelo
Vignette
Vignetting
Vignetter
Viking Optical Ltd.
Vintners’ Company
Vion
Viper
Visiometer
Vision Engineering Ltd.
Vista Outdoor Inc.
Vitascope
Vivascope
Vivitar
Vixen Co. Ltd.
Voigt & Hochgesang
Voigt, F.G.
Voigtländer
Volanterio, Joshua
Volk Optical Ltd.
W
Wade, John Creswell
Waechter, Paul
Wake, Charles
Wale, George
Wale & Morrison
Wales, William
Walker & Son, M.
Walker, Francis
Walker, J.&A.
Wall, John
Warner & Swasey Co.
Warsaw Cine-technical Works
Warsaw Photo-Optical Works (WZFO)
Warwick Bioscope
Warwick Trading Company
Washbourne
Wasserlein, Rudolph
Water Immersion Objective
Watkin Clinometer
Watkin Depression Rangefinder
Watkin Mekometer
Watkin Mirror Clinometer
Watkin, Major H.S.
Watkins & Hill
Watkins & Smith
Watkins, Francis (I)
Watkins, Francis (II)
Watkins, Jeremiah
Watkins, Jeremiah & Walter
Watkins, Walter
Watkins, William (I)
Watkins, William (II)
Watson-Baker, Wilfred Ernest
Watson-Baker Co. Ltd.
Watson Barnet
Watson Brothers
Watson-Conrady
Watson, Thomas W.
Watson, William
Watson & Sons Ltd, W.
Watson & Sons, W., Melbourne
Watt, James
Watts & Son, E.R.
Watts, James
Waugh, James
Waymouth-Cooke Rangefinder
Waymouth-Ross Sextant Rangefinder
Webb, Joseph Benjamin
Webb, John
Wedderburn, Thomas
Weeden, Charles Cartwright
Weeden, Charles Fox (I)
Weeden, Charles Fox (II)
Weeden, Daniel
Weeden, Dinah
Weeden, Edward John
Weeden, John
Weeden, Michael
Weeden, Walter Henry
Weeden, William
Weeden, William Edwin
Weeden, William John
Weems & Plath
Welch Allyn
Wellington, Alexander
Wells, Samuel
Welta
Wenckebach, Eduard
Wenham, Francis Herbert
Werkstätten für Präzisions Mechanik und Optik
West, Charles (I)
West, Charles (II)
West, Charles Robert
West, Francis
West, Francis L.
Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co.
Wheatstone, Sir Charles
Wheatstone’s Photometer
Wheeler, Edmund
Wheelwrights’ Company
Whitbread, George
Whitcomb, R.
White, James
Whitehouse, John T.
Whitehouse, M.
Whitehouse, Nathaniel
Whitford, Samuel
Whitford, Thomas
Whyte, James (I)
Whyte, James (II)
Whyte, Thomson & Co.
Wiesel, Johann
Wijk, Cornelius van
Wijk, Jacobus van (I)
Wijk, Jacobus van (II)
Wijk, Jan (Johannes) van
Wild Heerbrugg
Wild, Heinrich
Wild Leitz AG Group
Wildey, Henry
Willard & Co., J.W.
Willats, Richard
Willats, T.&R.
Willats, Thomas
Willcox, Walton
Willdey & Brandreth
Willdey, George
Willdey, Judith
Willdey, Thomas
William Optics
Willson & Dixey
Willson, George
Willstrop, Dr. Roderick V.
Wilson & Gillie
Wilson, Charles
Wilson, George
Wilson, James
Wilson Microscope
Wilson, Robert William
Wilton, William
Wing, Tycho
Winkel, Rudolf
Winkel-Zeiss
Winspear, John Emanuel
Winter, T.B.; Winter & Son, T.B.
Winter, Thomas
Wirgin
With, George Henry
Withering, William
Witherspoon, Earl
Woerle, Martin
Wöhler, Dr. F.A.
Wollaston, Francis
Wollaston, William Hyde
Wollaston Doublet
Wollaston Prism
Wood, Benjamin
Wood, Edward George
Wood, George Smart
Wooley, Sons & Co. Ltd., James
Worgan, John
Wörle, Martin
Worthington & Allan
Worthington, Nathaniel
Wratten, Frederick
Wratten filter
Wratten & Wainwright
Wray Optical Works Ltd.
Wrench, Edward
Wright, David
Wright, Gabriel
Wright, John
Wright, Lewis
Wright, Russel S.
Wright, Samuel
Wright, Thomas (I)
Wright, Thomas (II)
Wright, Thomas (III)
Würdemann, William
Wyck, Johan van der
Wye-Level
WZFO
X
Xibei Optical Instrument Factory
X-Ray Optics
Y
Yamamoto Seisakusyo
Yarwell, John
Yawman & Erbe
Yashica
Yeates & Son
Yeates, Andrew
Yeates, George
Yeates, Samuel
Y Level
YOSCO
Youle, William
Young & Sons
Young, Thomas
Young, William J.
Yukon Advanced Optics Worldwide
Z
Zaalberg van Zelst, J.J.
Zagorsk Optical and Mechanical Plant (ZOMZ)
Zambra, Joseph
Zapp, Walter
Zeiss, Carl
Zeiss Ikon
Zenit
Zenith
Zenith Sector
Zenith Telescope
Zenobia Kōgaku
Zenone & Butti
Zentmayer, Joseph
Zimmer, J.G.
Zoetrope
ZOMZ
Zoogyriscope, Zoogyroscope
Zoom Lens
Zoöpraxiscope (Zoogyroscope)
Zorki
Zschokke, Paul
Glossary
Abbreviations
Appendix I: Barr & Stroud Binocular Models
Appendix II: Eyepieces
Appendix III: German Wartime Makers’ Ordnance Codes for Optical Products
Appendix IV: Japanese Symbols and Codes for Optical Products
Appendix V: Russian and Soviet Makers’ Marks
Appendix VI: Optical Glass
Appendix VII: Charts and Timelines
Appendix VIII: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Appendix IX: The London Craft Guilds
Appendix X: The Dollond Patent Dispute and the Petition of 1764
Appendix XI: Scale Dividers’ Marks
References
Bibiliography and references
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